Introduction
It is not uncommon for family circumstances to change after obtaining permanent residency status (officially called “Permanent Resident” status) in Japan. Life events such as divorce or childbirth may affect the maintenance of the residency status and future living conditions. This article explains how to respond and what to be careful about when family circumstances change after applying for permanent residency, based on official information from the Ministry of Justice and other public sources.
Permanent Residency Status and Changes in Family Circumstances
Permanent residency allows long-term residence in Japan regardless of marital status or family composition. However, changes in family circumstances can affect visa renewals or living conditions in some cases.
Points to Note After Divorce
Even after divorce, the permanent resident’s status generally continues, but pay attention to the following:
- Switching from Spouse Visa to Permanent Resident Visa
If permanent residency was obtained based on spouse status, divorce will end the spouse visa but not the permanent resident status. However, if the marriage was a key factor in the application, reporting changes to the Immigration Bureau may be necessary. - Child Custody and Care Environment
When custody changes due to divorce, the child’s residence status may be affected. Child custody decisions by family court must be followed, and visa changes for the child may be required. - Utilizing Support and Consultation Services
If there are concerns about life after divorce, it is advisable to use multicultural consultation services or foreigner support coordinators that offer assistance in native languages and daily life support.
Response When a Child Is Born
When a permanent resident gives birth in Japan, legal and immigration procedures for the child must be taken care of.
- Obtaining Residence Status for the Child
The child must obtain a residence status such as “Long-Term Resident” or “Designated Activities” unless the child is a Japanese national. Birth registration and visa application should be done promptly. - Legal Presumption of Parent-Child Relationship
Children born during marriage are presumed to be the husband’s child under civil law. For children born outside marriage, recognition procedures may be necessary, affecting immigration status. - Legal Concerns Regarding Assisted Reproductive Technology and Surrogacy
Japan has strict regulations on surrogacy, and parent-child relationships for children born through overseas surrogacy can be legally complex, requiring expert advice.
Key Points for Procedures After Family Changes
- Report to the Immigration Bureau
Notify the Immigration Bureau of changes in address, name, or family status such as divorce or marriage. Failure to report may affect residency status. - Apply or Change Child’s Residence Status
Apply for or change the child’s visa status as needed, especially after custody changes. - Use Support Services
Utilize local multicultural support offices and consultation services for foreigners to address any difficulties. - Consult Experts
Due to the complexity of legal and immigration procedures, consulting administrative scriveners or lawyers is recommended.
Summary
Even if family circumstances such as divorce or childbirth change after obtaining permanent residency, the permanent resident status itself is generally maintained. However, legal procedures, reporting obligations, and child custody issues require careful handling. Early consultation with support services and professionals ensures stable living in Japan.
