Introduction

Many people seeking to renew or apply for the “Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident” residence status (official name per the Ministry of Justice) are concerned about the risk of refusal when living separately from their spouse. By default, cohabitation is expected, so separate living may lead to strict review. This article, based on information from the Ministry of Justice and Immigration Services Agency, explains how to avoid refusal when applying or renewing while living apart from your spouse.

Screening Standards for the “Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident” Status

The key premise of the spouse visa is “living together as a married couple in Japan.” Authorities strictly examine whether there is real, ongoing marital life, including mutual support, cohabitation, and evidence of social norms as a married couple.​

Why Separation Increases Risk of Refusal

Separate living can suggest a break in marital relations or even suspicion of a “sham marriage,” especially when there is no communication or financial support for an extended period. In such cases, visa renewal or permission is likely to be denied.​

Key Points to Avoid Refusal

1. Prepare and Explain a Reasonable Reason for Separation

If there are good reasons, such as work transfer, caring for a parent, or childbirth, be sure to detail them in a written statement (include timing, background, and duration).

2. Demonstrate Continuing Marital Relationship

Attach evidence of communication (messaging/app logs, call records), money transfers, visits to each other’s residences, or photos together to prove ongoing marital ties.

3. Provide Objective Supporting Documents

For work transfer, provide company documentation; for nursing care, provide medical or care certificates. Attach all relevant documents to your explanatory statement.

4. Explain the Separation as Temporary

If there are plans to reunite, clearly state the schedule and prospects for living together again.

Acceptable and Unacceptable Cases

• Examples likely to be accepted: work assignments away from home, short-term childbearing or caregiving, inevitable family circumstances
• Less likely to be accepted: separations for divorce, affairs, long-term separations with little to no contact/support

Conclusion

While the default requirement is cohabitation, providing a thorough explanation with documentary evidence showing an ongoing marital relationship and reasonable grounds for separation can help avoid refusal. Consider consulting a qualified administrative scrivener for professional guidance.